胃脘痛是上腹部接近心窝处出现疼痛的病症，是临床常见且多发的一种消化系统疾病，胃脘痛的病因较为复杂，常见的如由于胃失和降、脾不健运导致气血阻滞，不通则痛；或由于寒邪郁结、肝气失调引起湿浊血瘀，胃络阻滞。中医学认为治疗应以和胃止痛、疏肝理气为基本原则，根据致病因素不同进行辨证加减治疗。本研究主要从湿热滞胃、寒热错杂、气虚血瘀、痰饮郁热、痰湿胃酸的病理致病因素及健运脾胃法、和胃止痛法、活血化瘀法、疏肝理气法、清热化湿法的中医经方治疗进展方面进行综述。

Epigastric pain is a common and frequently occurring gastrointestinal diseases with the pain near precordia. The etiology of epigastric pain is complex, which includes Qi and blood block due to gastric disharmony and poor movement of spleen, dampness and blood stasis caused by stagnation of cold evil and imbalance of liver qi, and obstruction of gastric collaterals. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the treatment should be based on the basic principles of harmonizing stomach and relieving pain, soothing liver and regulating qi, and carry out syndrome differentiation and subtraction treatment according to different pathogenic factors. Study was conducted to mainly summarize the pathological pathogenic factors of damp heat stagnation in the stomach, mixed cold and heat, Qi deficiency and blood stasis, phlegm stagnation and heat, phlegm dampness and gastric acid, and the treatment progress of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions of invigorating the spleen and stomach, harmonizing stomach pain, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, soothing liver and regulating qi, clearing heat and removing dampness.