针药并用作为中医学的重要特色，近年来在重大疾病的防治中展现出独特优势。其价值不仅体现在疗效层面，更在于为复杂病机的研究提供多维度、多层级的干预思路。针药并用经历了由经验积累到模式化总结，再到机制化探索的演进过程。现代研究表明，针药协同可从作用层级、时间特征及空间耦合3个角度加以阐释。体现了中枢调控与外周干预结合、即时起效与缓释持久互补、多路径信号汇合的协同机制。近年来，随着神经影像、单细胞组学及多组学整合的发展，针药并用的机制将获得更精准的解码。针药并用的治疗策略在重大疾病领域实现临床转化，这将为多学科融合下的综合防治提供新的范式。

As a distinctive feature of traditional Chinese medicine, the combined use of acupuncture and medication has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of major diseases in recent years. Its value is reflected not only in the efficacy level, but also in providing multi-dimensional and multi-level intervention ideas for the research on complex pathogenesis. The combination of acupuncture and medication has undergone an evolution from experience accumulation to the standardized summarization, and then to mechanistic exploration. Modern studies have revealed that the synergy of acupuncture and medication can be interpreted from three perspectives: action level, temporal characteristics and spatial coupling. It embodies a synergistic mechanism that combines central regulation with peripheral intervention, complements immediate effect with sustained and prolonged release, and integrates multi-pathway signals. In recent years, with the development of neuroimaging, single-cell omics and multi-omics integration, the mechanism of combined acupuncture and medication will be decoded more accurately. The clinical transformation of the therapeutic strategy of combined acupuncture and medication in the field of major diseases will provide a new paradigm for comprehensive prevention and treatment under the integration of multiple disciplines.